Vipers are the only venomous snakes found in Greece, and while encounters are rare and fatalities even rarer, a recent series of incidents has drawn attention to the importance of awareness — especially during the warmer months when outdoor activity peaks.
With 23 species of snakes living across the country, Greeks and visitors alike are often unfamiliar with which ones pose real danger. Of those 23, only seven are venomous, and just five are considered harmful to humans — all belonging to the viper family (Viperidae).
Simple precautions, such as wearing sturdy boots and avoiding tall grass or rock crevices, can greatly reduce the risk of an encounter.
How to Identify a Viper
Despite common fears, not all snakes in Greece are dangerous. In fact, many are entirely harmless. But being able to recognize a viper can be a vital skill if you’re hiking, farming, or exploring the countryside. Here are four key features that typically distinguish vipers from non-venomous snakes:
- Short, thick body
- Broad, triangular head
- Distinctive zig-zag pattern along the back
- Short tail that tapers suddenly
The Viper Species of Greece
There are five main species of viper found in various regions of Greece:
Vipera ammodytes (Common Viper)
The most widespread and commonly encountered species in mainland Greece and the Cycladic islands. It’s often misidentified locally by different names.
Montivipera xanthina (Ottoman Viper)
Typically found in northeastern Greece and islands close to the Turkish coast, including parts of the North Aegean and the Dodecanese.
Macrovipera schweizeri (Milos Viper)
A rare species found only on the islands of Milos, Kimolos, Polyaigos, and Sifnos. Its camouflage blends remarkably well with the surrounding terrain.
Vipera berus (Asp Viper)
Contrary to local myths, this species exists only in certain mountainous areas above 1,600 meters in northern Greece, such as the Pindus range and near the Greek-Bulgarian border.
Vipera graeca (Pindus Viper)
Extremely rare and found only at high altitudes in isolated parts of the Pindus Mountains. Sightings are infrequent.
What to Do If You’re Bitten
Though bites are rare, especially in populated areas, it’s important to know what to do. The National Emergency Aid Centre (EKAB) offers clear guidelines:
- Do not walk after being bitten. Movement can accelerate the spread of venom.
- Stay calm and reassure the victim.
- Remove jewelry and tight clothing near the bite before swelling begins.
- Immobilize the affected limb below heart level.
- Gently clean the bite area with soap and water.
- Do not apply ice or attempt to cut the wound.
- Avoid alcohol and caffeine.
- Do not try to catch the snake. Instead, try to recall its shape and color for medical personnel.
- Seek immediate hospital care.
