Physical activity, particularly aerobic exercises like running and swimming, is emerging as a potent first-line treatment for depression and anxiety, according to a new review published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. The benefits of exercise are shown to be comparable—and in some cases superior—to traditional therapies like medication and psychotherapy.
In a study led by Neil Munro from Australia’s James Cook University, over 1,000 studies involving nearly 80,000 participants were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that exercise significantly alleviates symptoms of depression and anxiety, especially when conducted in group settings or under supervision, suggesting that social interactions can enhance the therapeutic effects.
Aerobic exercise shows strongest impact
The study reveals that aerobic exercises, which elevate heart rate, have the most pronounced impact on reducing depression symptoms. In contrast, strength training, yoga, and tai chi, while beneficial, showed more moderate effects on mental health.
For anxiety, even low-intensity exercise programs lasting just two months were enough to deliver significant improvements. Interestingly, while all forms of exercise were effective, those who engaged in supervised or group-based activities experienced the greatest relief from both anxiety and depression.
A new approach to mental health treatment
The research highlights that through exercise, younger individuals and postpartum women showed the greatest improvement. These findings are especially significant given that these groups often have limited access to traditional mental health services.
“More than a thousand studies have been published on the effects of exercise on depression and anxiety. Our goal was to synthesize this vast amount of data and provide a clearer picture of how exercise impacts mental health,” Munro said in a statement.
Exercise over medication
The review suggests that exercise offers a viable alternative or complement to antidepressant medications, especially for those who do not respond well to conventional treatments. While exercise alone should not replace prescribed medication or psychotherapy, it is a highly effective and accessible tool that can be used to enhance overall mental well-being.
“The cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and health benefits of exercise make it a compelling intervention for depression and anxiety, particularly in environments where traditional mental health services are less available,” Munro added.
Social as well as physical boost
One of the study’s key takeaways is that group exercises provide more significant mental health benefits. Socializing while exercising may be a critical factor in improving mental health outcomes, as it helps individuals build connections and a support network easier.
A powerful tool for mental health building
With one in four people worldwide expected to experience depression or anxiety at some point in their lives, the case for integrating exercise into mental health care is stronger than ever. Whether in group settings, individual programs, or supervised sessions, physical activity offers a highly effective, low-cost, and accessible method for improving mental health.
Researchers stress that while exercise can play a crucial role in managing depression and anxiety, it should not replace professional care for those with severe symptoms. Nevertheless, exercise remains an important part of a holistic approach to mental health treatment.
