Europe is experiencing an unusually early start to the flu season in 2025, with cases appearing three to four weeks sooner than in previous years, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) warns.
Health authorities attribute this surge to the emergence of a new influenza A strain, specifically subclade K of H3N2, which is currently dominating the continent. Notably, this strain was not included in this year’s flu vaccine, meaning its protective effectiveness may be slightly reduced, preliminary data from the UK suggest.
ECDC officials stress that timing is critical. “If you belong to a group for which vaccination is recommended, do not delay,” said Edoardo Colzani, head of respiratory viruses at the ECDC. “Getting vaccinated now is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself and those around you from severe illness this winter.”
Who Should Get Vaccinated Immediately:
- Individuals at high risk of severe illness, including those over 65, pregnant people, and those with chronic or immunocompromising conditions.
- Residents of care homes and long-term care facilities.
- Healthcare and caregiving staff in hospitals and eldercare facilities.
Preparations for a Potentially Severe Flu Season:
The ECDC is preparing for a potentially more severe flu season, particularly if vaccination coverage remains low. Higher case numbers could increase pressure on healthcare systems.
Hospitals and care facilities are advised to:
- Strengthen infection prevention and control measures.
- Encourage mask use among staff and visitors during peak virus circulation.
- Consider antiviral treatments for high-risk patients.
- Apply antiviral prophylaxis in closed environments during outbreaks.
Additionally, governments are urged to communicate clearly with the public about the importance of vaccination and hygiene practices to reduce community transmission.
