The Hellenic Thoracic Society has issued guidance for residents and workers exposed to wildfire smoke and airborne particles, warning of the health risks posed by deteriorating air quality and outlining measures to reduce exposure.
The organization advises that the most effective way to protect against smoke inhalation is to move away from active wildfire areas whenever possible.
Vulnerable Groups Face the Greatest Risk
Particular caution is recommended for people with serious underlying medical conditions, older adults, children, and pregnant women. The society advises these groups to avoid all unnecessary travel during periods of heavy smoke.
People living in affected areas should remain indoors with windows and doors tightly closed. During periods of high temperatures, using an air conditioner that recirculates indoor air is considered safe, provided the system does not draw in outside air.
If this is not possible, residents are advised to designate a protected, air-conditioned room within the home.
Reduce Indoor Air Pollution
The society also recommends avoiding activities that can worsen indoor air quality, including:
- Smoking.
- Burning candles.
- Cooking over an open flame.
- Using aerosol products.
- Vacuuming.
Avoiding exercise and strenuous physical activity is also considered important while smoke levels remain elevated.
Use High-Protection Masks When Necessary
If travel cannot be avoided, the society recommends wearing a properly fitted high-filtration respirator, such as an FFP2 or FFP3 mask. Surgical and cloth masks do not provide sufficient protection against inhaling smoke or ash particles.
Essential travel should be scheduled during the coolest parts of the day, such as the evening.
People with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular diseases are advised to avoid travel altogether, particularly if they cannot wear a high-protection mask.
Patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should continue taking their prescribed medication without interruption and contact their treating pulmonologist immediately if symptoms worsen.
Monitor Official Air Quality Information
The society urges the public to follow official air quality updates rather than relying solely on the smell or visibility of smoke.
Real-time air pollution maps, including PM2.5 particulate measurements, are available through websites operated by Greece’s Ministry of Environment and Energy and European monitoring platforms.
Symptoms of Smoke Exposure
Short-term exposure to wildfire smoke most commonly affects the upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as:
- Rhinitis.
- Nasal congestion.
- Runny nose.
- Dryness or irritation of the throat.
People may also develop a dry, irritating cough and shortness of breath, even if they have no pre-existing medical conditions.
More serious symptoms—including dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and headaches—may indicate carbon monoxide poisoning and require immediate medical evaluation.
The society notes that while healthy individuals can also experience these symptoms, they are generally more frequent and more severe among people with underlying respiratory or cardiovascular conditions.
Smoke inhalation can affect the upper airway, the tracheobronchial tree, and lung tissue, underscoring the importance of minimizing exposure during wildfire events.
