Electricity production from nuclear energy in twelve European Union countries grew by 4.8% in 2024 compared with 2023, according to data released by the EU’s statistical office, Eurostat. Collectively, these twelve countries generated 649,524 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of nuclear electricity, marking the second consecutive year of growth following a decline in 2022, when production totaled 609,255 GWh. Nuclear power accounted for 23.3% of the EU’s total electricity output.

France Leads the EU in Nuclear Generation
France, the EU’s largest nuclear energy producer, generated 380,451 GWh in 2024, representing 58.6% of the bloc’s total nuclear output. Spain followed with 54,510 GWh (8.4%), ahead of Sweden with 50,665 GWh (7.8%) and Finland with 32,599 GWh (5.0%).

Compared with 2023, the strongest growth in nuclear electricity production was seen in France (+12.5%), followed by Sweden (+4.5%) and Slovenia (+4.2%). Other nuclear-producing countries experienced an average decline of 4%, ranging from a modest -0.6% in Slovakia to -10.3% in the Netherlands.

Germany, which was the EU’s second-largest nuclear producer until 2021, fully phased out nuclear generation in April 2023.

Dependence on Nuclear Energy Varies Across the EU
In 2024, countries most reliant on nuclear power included France, where 67.3% of total electricity came from nuclear sources, and Slovakia at 61.6%. Hungary, Bulgaria, Belgium, Finland, and the Czech Republic each derived around 40% of their electricity from nuclear energy. By contrast, only 2.9% of the Netherlands’ electricity production was nuclear-based.