Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in Greece, with lung cancer standing as the primary cause of cancer-related fatalities. In 2019, one in four deaths in the country was attributed to cancer, underscoring the pressing need for enhanced prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.

According to the latest epidemiological data, approximately 20 million people worldwide are diagnosed with cancer annually, leading to 9.5 million deaths. While advancements in oncology have resulted in a 34% reduction in cancer mortality in the U.S., similar improvements remain challenging in Greece due to systemic healthcare issues and a lack of comprehensive national cancer policies.

Most Common Cancers in Greece

The most prevalent cancer types vary by gender:

  • Women: Breast and lung cancer are the most commonly diagnosed forms.
  • Men: Prostate and lung cancer lead in prevalence.
  • Both genders: Colorectal cancer poses a significant threat, accounting for 12% of total cancer diagnoses in Greece.

Despite the well-documented health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, Greece has higher obesity rates than neighboring Mediterranean countries such as Italy, Cyprus, and Spain. The impact of obesity is particularly significant among lower-income populations, where 70% of individuals with lower education levels are overweight or obese, compared to 50% of those with higher education levels.

Key Risk Factors and Challenges

Greece has one of the highest smoking rates in the European Union, significantly increasing the population’s vulnerability to lung cancer. The European Cancer Inequalities Registry identifies smoking as a major contributor to the country’s high cancer mortality rates.

Air pollution is another significant risk factor, with studies linking exposure to increased incidences of lung cancer. However, Greece has relatively low alcohol consumption compared to other EU nations, which translates to a lower prevalence of alcohol-related cancers.

A major obstacle in cancer treatment is Greece’s struggling public healthcare system, which faces budget cuts, a shortage of specialized medical personnel, and disparities in access to care, particularly in rural areas.

Regional Cancer Mortality Disparities

Cancer-related deaths vary significantly across Greece:

  • Highest mortality rates: Attica (255 deaths per 100,000 people) and Central Macedonia (250 deaths per 100,000 people).
  • Lowest mortality rates: Northern Aegean and Epirus regions.

Unlike many EU countries, Greece lacks a structured national cancer strategy, contributing to gaps in prevention, screening, and treatment efforts. Without coordinated national policies, disparities in healthcare access and outcomes persist.

The Role of the Hellenic Cancer Society

For over 66 years, the Hellenic Cancer Society has been at the forefront of cancer prevention and awareness efforts. Their initiatives include:

  • Mobile mammogram units for early breast cancer detection.
  • Anti-smoking campaigns to combat Greece’s high smoking rates.
  • Housing assistance for cancer patients undergoing treatment.
  • A 24/7 support helpline for individuals affected by cancer.
  • Educational programs for children to promote cancer awareness from a young age.

The Importance of Early Detection

Experts emphasize that 30% of cancer cases can be prevented through lifestyle changes and regular screening. Prevention strategies include:

  • Regular exercise and a high-fiber, low-fat diet to lower obesity and colon cancer risks.
  • Smoking cessation or switching to less harmful alternatives.
  • Seeking immediate treatment for symptoms related to lung disease.
  • Routine medical check-ups and cancer screenings, including mammograms.

In line with European Commission recommendations, Greece should implement national screening programs for:

  • Breast cancer: Biennial mammograms for women aged 50-69, with potential expansion to ages 45-74.
  • Cervical cancer: HPV DNA testing every five years for women aged 30-65.
  • Colorectal cancer: Immunochemical stool tests for individuals aged 50-74, with follow-up colonoscopies for positive cases.
  • Lung cancer: Annual low-dose CT scans for high-risk individuals (smokers aged 50-80).
  • Prostate cancer: PSA blood tests combined with MRI screening.
  • Experimental cancer vaccines, which are expected to revolutionize treatment in the coming years.

Greece’s Roadmap to Combating Cancer

Recognizing the urgency of tackling cancer, The Economist Impact hosted a high-profile summit in March 2023 titled “Greece’s Agenda to Combat Cancer.” Leading oncologists, policymakers, and healthcare experts convened to discuss the need for a national cancer strategy, highlighting key policy recommendations and healthcare reforms. The full event is available for public viewing, providing valuable insights into the future of cancer prevention and treatment in Greece.

While organizations like the Hellenic Cancer Society play a crucial role in education and patient support, Greece requires a comprehensive national strategy to effectively combat cancer. By prioritizing prevention, investing in innovative treatments, and ensuring equal healthcare access, Greece can significantly reduce cancer-related mortality and improve patient outcomes.