A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed a groundbreaking device that could revolutionize how infections and other health conditions are diagnosed—without needles or invasive tests. Known as ABLE (Airborne Biomarker Localization Engine), the innovative device detects viruses, bacteria, and organic molecules directly from a person’s breath.
From Breath to Diagnosis
The ABLE device operates by collecting airborne molecules exhaled by an individual and converting them into liquid samples that can then be analyzed using standard diagnostic technologies commonly found in hospitals. In its current form, the device measures roughly 10 by 20 centimeters and functions through four key stages: air intake, humidification, cooling to form droplets, and collection of the resulting liquid. This liquid contains the biological markers needed for analysis.
In a successful pilot test, researchers demonstrated that the device could detect even the aromatic compounds from a nearby cup of coffee. They then progressed to more medically relevant tests—identifying glucose molecules from human breath, detecting E. coli bacteria in the air, and recognizing inflammation markers in laboratory mice with poor gut microbiota.
A Non-Invasive Leap Forward
Historically, most diagnostic methods for identifying infections or monitoring health rely on invasive procedures, particularly blood or urine samples. Even self-tests for illnesses like COVID-19 or influenza require fluid samples. ABLE offers a non-invasive, user-friendly alternative that could dramatically simplify the diagnostic process.
All it may take in the future is a simple exhale into the device to detect health-related molecules such as glucose—vital information for people living with diabetes—or airborne pathogens such as E. coli.
Born in the NICU
The concept for ABLE emerged in the neonatal intensive care unit at the University of Chicago Medical Center. Physicians there were seeking non-invasive ways to monitor the fragile health of premature infants without exposing them to the additional risk of trauma from traditional procedures. The device was designed to collect health data from the air inside the infant incubators, ensuring safety and minimizing discomfort.
Broader Applications Ahead
While originally developed with neonatal care in mind, ABLE has far-reaching potential. Researchers envision future use in public spaces, hospitals, and personal wearable devices for early disease detection. This could transform how infections are identified and tracked—especially in crowded or high-risk environments.
A Promising Future for Healthcare
Published in the journal Nature Chemical Engineering, the study on ABLE suggests the start of a new chapter in medical diagnostics. By offering portable, non-invasive, and accurate testing, ABLE could significantly reduce the discomfort and complexity associated with conventional diagnostic procedures.
Its promise lies not only in its technology but in its potential to improve the daily lives of patients around the world. In the near future, a simple breath may be all it takes to catch early signs of disease—no needles required.
